Overview

Innovation title

HYGAS-AI - Physics-Informed, Agent-Driven Digital Twin for RFNBO-Compliant Green Hydrogen from Waste

TRL

4

Sector

Hydrogen production

Location

Zagreb, Croatia

Website

Innovation description

HYGAS-AI turns complex hydrogen plant data into continuously optimised, explainable decisions, grounded in physics and keeping operators in control.

HYGAS-AI is a physics-informed, agent-driven digital twin for hydrogen production plants. It was initially developed and validated using operational data from a real waste-gasification-to-hydrogen pilot plant with a production capacity of one tonne of hydrogen per day and a modular pathway for scaling up to 25 tonnes per day. The platform integrates physics-based reaction kinetics and mass and energy balance models with a hybrid control architecture combining Model Predictive Control and Reinforcement Learning. This enables continuous optimisation of critical operating parameters; including feed rate, steam-to-feed ratio, water-gas shift conversion, and combined heat and power dispatch, rather than relying on fixed operating setpoints. A genetic algorithm further optimises output allocation among four competing CHP technologies operating under shared fuel constraints. Building on this physics-based foundation, HYGAS-AI incorporates specialised AI agents that support plant operation and decision-making. These include a natural-language operator copilot, root-cause diagnosis, automated support for preparing relevant EU regulatory and sustainability documentation, and intelligent vendor sourcing. Although initially developed for waste-gasification-based hydrogen production, HYGAS-AI is designed as a scalable and adaptable platform. Its modelling, optimisation, diagnostic, and decision-support capabilities can be configured for other hydrogen production pathways requiring real-time optimisation and intelligent operational oversight.

Sketch of innovation

More information

About 

The name SMITH₂ unites the founder’s surname, Kovač, meaning smith in Croatian, with H₂, the molecular formula for hydrogen.

Rooted in personal heritage, shaped by engineering, and driven by hydrogen innovation, the name embodies the spirit of the company.

SMITH2 was founded with a clear purpose: to apply scientific expertise to the practical challenges of the energy transition and industrial decarbonisation. Led by hydrogen expert Ankica Kovač, PhD, SMITH2 works internationally with industry, research institutions, and public-sector organisations. We help our partners determine what is technically feasible, economically viable, and strategically sound before critical project decisions are made. Our work combines expertise in hydrogen and sustainable energy with advanced modelling, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. These tools enable us to simulate complex energy systems, optimise their performance, develop intelligent control strategies, and support better-informed technical and economic decisions. Our services include pre-feasibility and feasibility studies, techno-economic modelling, energy system simulation and optimisation, AI-based system modelling and control, project concept development, and implementation planning. Each assignment is tailored to the specific technology, location, resources, stakeholders, and objectives involved. By combining scientific knowledge, engineering insight, data-driven methods, and project experience, SMITH2 provides clear analysis, actionable direction, and practical support—from the first idea through implementation.

Intellectual property status

  • Trade secret

Maturity of innovation

Proof of concept successfully concluded

Ankica Kovač

CEO

Partnership opportunities

SMITH₂ is seeking hydrogen producers, industrial plant operators, technology providers, and system integrators interested in piloting and co-developing HYGAS-AI in real operating environments. We are particularly interested in partners that can provide access to pilot or commercial hydrogen plants, operational data, industrial automation systems, and expertise in process integration and cybersecurity. We also welcome collaboration with research organisations and hydrogen technology manufacturers for independent validation, platform adaptation, and demonstration across different hydrogen production pathways. Our goal is to establish strategic partnerships that support pilot deployment, market validation, and commercial scale-up.
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